loadsol®: truly mobile in-shoe force measurement

force measurement insole - loadsol
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loadsol® sensors enable mobile measurement of the normal ground reaction force on the plantar surface of the foot. The system can be used both for static and dynamic measurements, to accurately quantify the forces generated between the foot and the shoe.

The occurring forces provide important information concerning the kinetics of the body or element to be measured.

The textile, soft, deformable and ultra-thin sensors are designed to enable accurate assessment of gait analysis, load analysis or maximum force analysis in any environment and during any body movement, to name some applications. 

Use loadsol® to capture the interaction between foot and ground accurately, effortlessly and with flexibility.

How to utilize loadsol:

loadsol® sensors are used by many research and development facilities all over the world. Due to the flexible usability, the applications are very diverse.

 
real-time force measurement - in shoe force measurement | loadsol

Sample applications of loadsol:

loadapp: Data collection and analysis 

loadapp is an easy to use smartphone application that helps to collect the data you are looking for. After connecting the insoles via Bluetooth, the measurement can be set up and the data can be viewed in real-time or stored on the sensors. 

After the measurement the data can be downloaded from the sensors via Bluetooth or via USB. The application, if required, allows for extensive display and evaluation of various parameters.

 
loadsol: force measurement insole - real-time data collection using loadapp

Create a video of your measurement and compare video and force data. With loadapp you can film any measurement you are making and display the force data. This way you can easily track events during measurement.

More about loadapp

loadsol types

There are several different types of loadsol:

loadsol and loadsol embd

Depending on your requirements there are 2 types of loadsol.

  • The loadsol for extreme applications and cross-application measurements
  • The loadsol embd for research and development of systems that require force input for control and monitoring.

All loadsol systems utilize the same state-of-the-art capacitive measurement technology.

 

Measuring the load distribution inside the shoe.

For more than 44 years, novel has been pioneering in the field of load distribution measurement. With loadsol, precise and accurate measurement inside the shoe is now possible for the first time for truly mobile applications.

The matchbox-sized electronics and the completely textile sensor enable measurements indoors and outdoors, in almost any environment and at virtually any movement. 

 
ground reaction force measurement
Force data example: GRF while running.
Accurate shoe force measurement - fo

loadsol® key features:

➢ record forces accurately and reliably according to novel’s high quality standards

➢ stream or collect data fully autonomously utilizing the integrated memory

➢ collect data remotely via cloud or your own network servers in real time

➢ synchronize via TTL with lab equipment or systems with loadsync

➢ measure comfortably inside the shoe with a 100% textile, thin, conformable sensor
 

Simultaneously create a video of your measurement to compare video and force data

Load measurement for fracture evaluation - loadsol

loadsol® features:

➢ display bipedal force over time on mobile device

➢ receive biofeedback for two adjustable force levels

➢ output ASCII data and allows comprehensive data analysis in Windows.

➢ Allows long-term measurement

capture hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot, or hindfoot and medial & lateral forefoot separately

 
 
novel GmbH loadsol: plantar normal force inside footwear | novel.de

loadsol® embd features:

➢  Utilize force data to control your product and to integrate/embed the sensor into your system.
➢ Up to 3 signals for different sensor zones

➢  read the analog signal to your ADC or DAQ or data logger or any other element you want to use.

➢ control the measurement via the Bluetooth connection and loadapp or a predefined timed measurement procedure

Find more details here.

loadsol embd - embedd force sensor into product

loadsol sensor zones

There are several different sensor-zone options available for all loadsol systems:

Available sensor zone layouts:

All loadsol are available in 4 different layouts. The more sensor zones there are, the more detailed the force and load distribution analysis can be. Select

  • Version “- t” (total area) for applications where you are only interested in the total static and dynamic force (e.g. partial loading after surgery)
  • Version “- ap” (anterior posterior) for applications where the static and dynamic changes of force and load distribution between forefoot and heel are of interest (e.g. running)
  • Version “- acp” (anterior, central, posterior) where the force movement from heel to forefoot needs to be analyzed in detail (e.g. Achilles research)
  • Version “- mlp” (medial, lateral, posterior) where the shift of load and force in all directions is of interest (e.g. in golf). 
 
loadsol - sensor measurement - pedography - biomechanics

Available sizes

All loadsol are available in different sizes, which cover double sizes. For example 40/41 covers EU 40 and EU 41 or US (male) 7 and 8 or UK (male) 6 and 6.5. Here you can quickly calculate the size you need:

 

 

Shoe Size Conversion Tool



 

 

Athletics and sports version

The thinner version, specially designed for athletes, offers the same precise force measurement capabilities as our original insoles but with a slimmer profile. This thin version fits seamlessly into football boots and other sport footwear with limited space, ensuring comfort and accuracy without compromising performance. It provides the essential data you need to optimize your performance, all in a lightweight and unobtrusive design.

  • Thickness of sensor insole: 2.3 mm;
  • Cover bottom side of insole: polyurethane for better fit;
  • Cover top side of insole: Mesh textile for better/similar tactile sensation of sports shoes;

loadsol pricing

loadsol always comes as a system of multiple pairs in different insole sizes. Here you can buy a demo pair which is more expensive (per pair) than a system. Higher numbers -> lower price per pair.

Buy demo system

Kinematics: upgrade your loadsol

 
Understanding forces (kinetics) is the ultimate goal in many scientific fields.
Understanding movement (kinematics) is often the penultimate goal to get the full picture. loadsol comes with the ability to do both.
 

Enabling the synchronized measurement with IMU sensors is the product of countless hours of meticulous engineering, designed to provide the most accurate and reliable measurements in its class. From rigorous R&D to exhaustive testing, every aspect of our IMU sensor has been fine-tuned to ensure unparalleled performance, resilience, and longevity.

 

Accelerometer and gyroscope

The BMI270 offers precise acceleration, angular rate measurement, and smart motion-triggered interrupts.

This 6-axis sensor merges a 16-bit tri-axial gyroscope and accelerometer, featuring Bosch’s robust gyroscope technology. Ideal for applications in research, biomechanics, ergonomics, medicine and data analytics.

 
Parameter Technical data
Digital resolution
Accelerometer (A): 16-bit or 0.06 mg/LSB
Gyroscope (G): 16-bit or 0.004 dps/LSB
Raw measurement range & sensitivity
(A): ± 2g to ±16 g,
(G): ±125 dps Temperature behaviour
(TCO; TCS)
(A): ±0.25 mg/K; ±0.004 %/K
(G): ±0.02 dps/K; ±0.02 %/K
Noise density
(A): 160 µg/√Hz, (G): 0.008 dps/√Hz

Technical specifications:

loadsol insoles are capacitive sensors, meeting the highest novel quality standards. The textile insoles are available in shoe sizes 36 to 50 (European sizes) and in four versions with different sensor area layouts. Bespoke sizes and shapes are also available on demand. 
 

loadsol and loadsol embd technical specifications are:

loadsol technical details

Available options:

loadsol® is available with different options and functionalities. Describe your application to us and we will be happy to help you choose the perfect system.

loadsol - force measurement inside shoe
loadsol type - dynamic force measurement inside shoe

Scientific publications:

loadsol journal articles

Publication years 2012–2026 · Journal articles only

Browse journal articles using loadsol. Search by application, title, author, journal or DOI, or open a publication period below.

60journal articles

2024–202630 articles

LS037 · 2026

Agreement and Reliability of Running Stride-Time Variability Analyses from Wearable Devices

Jones BDM; Wheat J; Middleton K; Carey DL; Heller B · Sensors · 26(11):3407

Primary application: Running

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Running stride-time variability; wearable-device validation

Sample: 31 runners

Evidence of use: Primary abstract reports concurrent Loadsol, Blue Trident, RunScribe and AMTI recordings during two 8-minute running sessions.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS060 · 2026

Association of Charlson Comorbidity Index and ASA Score with Postoperative Mobility in Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients

Pachmann F; Keppler AM; Hofmann J; Hagelstein S; Lampert C; Neuerburg C; Böcker W; Faust LM · Journal of Clinical Medicine · 15(6):2296

Primary application: Hip fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Geriatric hip fracture; postoperative mobility

Available publication date: 2026-03-17

Evidence of use: Outcome-parameters section explicitly identifies wireless Loadsol insoles for standardized ward gait analysis and operated-limb average peak force.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Indexed primary full-text methods

LS058 · 2026

Continuous Estimation of Achilles Tendon Loading in Rupture Patients Using a Single Boot-Mounted Accelerometer

Godshall S; Boakye LAT; Halilaj E; Humbyrd CJ; Baxter JR · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · 34:3245–3254

Primary application: Achilles tendon

System: loadsol (three-part insole)

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Achilles rupture; tendon-load estimation; reference data

Sample: 19 Achilles rupture patients; healthy-control data also used

Evidence of use: Author preprint methods explicitly place a three-part Loadsol insole inside the immobilizing boot to supply force-based tendon-load reference estimates.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Final journal metadata and author-preprint methods

Notes: Final journal metadata verified; device evidence checked in the author preprint. Preprint 10.64898/2026.03.10.26348070, posted 11 March 2026, is not counted separately. Exact journal publication day was not retrieved.

LS028 · 2026

Dynamics of Neural Adjustments During Progressive Transitions to Unweighted and Reloaded Running

Fazzari C; Macchi R; Casanova R; Chavet P; Duchateau J; Nicol C · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · 36(9):e70363

Primary application: Running

System: Loadsol; three-zone; 100 Hz

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Body-weight-supported running; neural control

Sample: 38 physically active men

Available publication date: 2026-08-24

Evidence of use: Methods section 2.4 states that Loadsol insoles in standardized running shoes recorded vertical ground reaction force at 100 Hz.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Full-text methods

Notes: Explicit reuse of participants, protocol and recordings from earlier Fazzari studies; new transition-phase analyses, not an independent cohort.

LS021 · 2026

Effects of carbon fiber custom dynamic orthosis proximal cuff design on foot loading during gait: A pilot study

Anderson KM; Gari WJ; Magdziarz SM; Pacha MS; Anderson DD; Wilken JM · Prosthetics and Orthotics International

Primary application: Orthotics

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Orthoses; regional foot loading

Sample: 5 healthy participants and 1 injured participant

Available publication date: 2026-02-11

Evidence of use: Loadsol sensors beneath the foot and orthosis quantified forces during walking with alternative proximal cuff designs.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online ahead of print; no final issue details established.

LS027 · 2026

Immediate Postoperative Biofeedback with an Insole Device in Unilateral TKA

Pfeufer D; Anderson MB; Gililland J; Hube R; Linhart C; Brendler J; Pelt CE · Surgeries · 7(1):2

Primary application: Knee arthroplasty

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Total knee arthroplasty; biofeedback

Sample: 20 randomized; 18 completed

Available publication date: 2025-12-23

Evidence of use: The study identifies the Novel Loadsol insole and reports actual home-based loading-rate biofeedback after unilateral knee arthroplasty.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Full-text methods and device figure caption

Notes: Online 23 December 2025; publisher's journal citation is 2026. Counted once under 2026.

LS020 · 2026

Increasing ground contact time reduces Achilles tendon forces during rearfoot strike running outdoors

Aubol KG; Grävare Silbernagel K; Baxter JR; Shewokis PA; Milner CE · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · 29(1):100–105

Primary application: Running

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Running outdoors; Achilles tendon; gait retraining

Sample: 30 rearfoot-strike runners

Available publication date: 2025-08-21

Evidence of use: Loadsol recordings were used in estimating Achilles tendon force across ground-contact-time and cadence conditions.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online 21 August 2025; January 2026 journal issue. Counted once under 2026.

LS052 · 2026

Plantar force characteristics during walking in older adults with pronated feet: A study using a three-sensor in-shoe system

Koho T; Kobayashi A; Kato Y; Akiyama C; Hoshi M; Asao A; Sato T; Horikoshi Y; Sone T; Shiba Y; Nakanowatari T · Journal of Biomechanics Open · 1(1):100004

Primary application: Foot pronation

System: loadsol, three-sensor

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Older adults; foot pronation; regional plantar force

Sample: 87 participants: 36 pronated-foot group and 51 controls

Evidence of use: Methods section 2.3 explicitly identifies novel loadsol three-region insoles in standardized shoes, sampled at 100 Hz during walking.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Indexed primary full-text methods; author-institution metadata

Notes: Author institution lists May 2026 online publication; June 2026 journal issue.

LS054 · 2026

Plantar Force Spectra Across Midsole Densities and Treadmill Speeds: A Spatially Resolved Analysis in Relation to Material Properties

Macdermid PW; Walker SJ; Ingalla B; Leuchanka A · Applied Sciences · 16(2):784

Primary application: Footwear

System: loadsol, three-sensor

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Running; midsole properties; spectral analysis

Sample: 14 runners

Available publication date: 2026-01-12

Evidence of use: Section 2.4.2 identifies loadsol posterior/central/anterior insoles; plantar forces were sampled at 200 Hz during three shoe-density conditions and multiple treadmill speeds.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Indexed primary full-text methods

LS059 · 2026

Two-week cumulative tendon load estimated from insole sensor contact forces is associated with plantar flexor function in Achilles tendinopathy

Song K; Kwon MP; Smith AK; Pohlig RT; Grävare Silbernagel K; Baxter JR · Scientific Reports · 16:9495

Primary application: Achilles tendon

System: loadsol Pro 2 HMF

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Achilles tendinopathy; two-week real-world monitoring

Sample: 15 individuals with Achilles tendinopathy

Available publication date: 2026-02-18

Evidence of use: At-home experiment explicitly used Loadsol Pro 2 HMF insoles with heel, midfoot and forefoot sensors to monitor plantar contact forces for up to two weeks.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary full-text methods

Notes: Published 18 February 2026; publisher also lists version of record 20 March 2026. Earlier 2025 preprint is not counted separately.

LS048 · 2026

Weight-bearing symmetry changes after asymmetric surface stiffness walking

Price M; Schell EG; Moreno Jaramillo J; Chiasson JM; Metsker LC; Huber ME; Hoogkamer W · Journal of Neurophysiology · 135(3):579–589

Primary application: Gait & walking

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Gait adaptation; asymmetric surface stiffness

Available publication date: 2026-01-30

Evidence of use: Participants were fitted with loadsol insoles before the walking trials; force measurements quantified weight-bearing symmetry.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Indexed primary full-text methods

Notes: Ahead of print 30 January 2026; March 2026 issue.

LS025 · 2025

Comparison of two surgical treatment strategies for fragility fractures of the pelvis based on early postoperative mobility outcomes using insole force sensors

Faust L; Lebert L; Pachmann F; Böcker W; Neuerburg C; Keppler AM · Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · 145:50

Primary application: Pelvic fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Pelvic fracture; surgical stabilization

Sample: 37 patients

Available publication date: 2024-12-16

Evidence of use: The primary abstract explicitly identifies Loadsol (Novel GmbH) for postoperative mobility assessments comparing screw fixation with additional iFuse stabilization.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Published online 16 December 2024; publisher assigns volume 145 (2025). Counted once under 2025.

LS017 · 2025

Evaluating Gait with Force Sensing Insoles 6 Months after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Autograft Comparison

Cherelstein RE; Kuenze C; Harkey MS; Walaszek MC; Grozier C; Brumfield ER; Lewis JN; Hughes GA; Chang ES · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · 57(1):210–216

Primary application: ACL reconstruction

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: ACL reconstruction; gait; autograft

Available publication date: 2024-09-16

Evidence of use: Force-sensing loadsol insoles assessed walking kinetics six months after ACL reconstruction across graft groups.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online 16 September 2024; January 2025 journal issue.

LS018 · 2025

Foot Strike Pattern Detection Using a Loadsol® Sensor Insole

Hata K; Yamazaki Y; Ishikawa M; Yanagiya T · Sensors · 25(14):4417

Primary application: Running

System: loadsol; three-region insole

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Running; foot-strike classification

Sample: 12 collegiate runners

Available publication date: 2025-07-15

Evidence of use: Three-region loadsol forces recorded at three running speeds were used to detect foot-strike patterns.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS038 · 2025

Immediate full weightbearing with additive cerclage improves early mobility after tibial shaft spiral fractures

Lisitano L; Röttinger T; Eger S; Neuerburg C; Mayr E; Förch S · Scientific Reports · 15:37166

Primary application: Lower-limb fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Tibial-shaft fracture; early postoperative mobilization

Sample: 36 patients

Available publication date: 2025-10-23

Evidence of use: Primary abstract reports repeated gait analysis using loadsol after tibial-shaft spiral-fracture fixation.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS053 · 2025

Spectral and Spatial Analysis of Plantar Force Distributions Across Foot-Strike Patterns During Treadmill Running

Macdermid PW; Walker SJ · Applied Sciences · 15(15):8709

Primary application: Running

System: loadsol, three-sensor

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Running; foot-strike classification; spectral analysis

Sample: 11 runners

Available publication date: 2025-08-06

Evidence of use: Methods report loadsol posterior, central and anterior force measurements sampled at 200 Hz during imposed treadmill foot-strike conditions.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Indexed primary full-text methods

Notes: Preprint 202507.2649 is a version of this article, not an additional study.

LS030 · 2025

The Effects of Cushioning Properties on Parameters of Gait in Habituated Females While Walking and Running

Macdermid PW; Walker SJ; Cochrane D · Applied Sciences · 15(3):1120

Primary application: Footwear

System: LoadSol Pro; 200 Hz

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Footwear cushioning; walking; running

Sample: 12 female runners

Available publication date: 2025-01-23

Evidence of use: Methods page 4 identifies LoadSol Pro insoles collecting bilateral force data at 200 Hz under cushioned and minimalist footwear conditions.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Publisher PDF methods

LS051 · 2025

The energy cost of cyclic muscle contractions at different initial muscle-tendon unit lengths derived from near-infrared spectroscopy

Skaper SJ; Jin JZ; Asmussen MJ; Fletcher JR · Journal of Applied Physiology · 139(5):1260–1271

Primary application: Muscle physiology

System: loadsol, three-sensor

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Muscle energetics; dynamometer instrumentation

Available publication date: 2025-10-08

Evidence of use: A loadsol insole affixed to the dynamometer footplate recorded three-region forces at 100 Hz for ankle-moment calculation.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Indexed primary full-text methods

Notes: Actual loadsol hardware used outside a shoe. Ahead of print 8 October 2025; November 2025 issue.

LS041 · 2025

The Impact of Real-Time Biofeedback on Partial Weightbearing Training: A Comparative Study

Lisitano L; DaSilva ZH; Koch N; Dong W; Thorne T; Röttinger T; Pfeufer D; Haller J · International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy · 20(3)

Primary application: Rehabilitation

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Partial weight-bearing training; biofeedback

Sample: 60 healthy participants

Evidence of use: Interventions section explicitly states that all participants wore Loadsol in both shoes; randomized biofeedback versus standard-care training.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Publisher full-text methods

LS019 · 2025

Vertical ground reaction force variables derived from Loadsol® insoles during overground walking are valid and reliable

Mulligan DJ; Milner CE · PLOS ONE · 20(12):e0339481

Primary application: Measurement methods

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Overground walking; validation

Sample: 20 adults

Available publication date: 2025-12-29

Evidence of use: Loadsol measurements were compared with force plates across two blocks of overground walking trials.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS033 · 2024

AI-Based Task Classification With Pressure Insoles for Occupational Safety

O’Sullivan P; Menolotto M; Visentin A; O’Flynn B; Komaris DS · IEEE Access · 12:21347–21357

Primary application: Occupational safety

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Occupational task classification; machine learning

Sample: 20 participants

Available publication date: 2024-02-13

Evidence of use: Author-institution abstract explicitly reports 20 subjects wearing loadsol during five occupational tasks.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Author-institution abstract

Notes: Early online 2 February 2024. Associated dataset PID4TC: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7755802; dataset is not counted separately.

LS015 · 2024

Detecting differences in limb load asymmetry during walking between older adult fallers and non-fallers using in-shoe sensors

Nakanowatari T; Hoshi M; Sone T; Kamide N; Sakamoto M; Shiba Y · Gait & Posture · 107:312–316

Primary application: Falls

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Aging; falls; gait asymmetry

Sample: 55 older adults

Available publication date: 2023-10-28

Evidence of use: Loadsol insoles at 100 Hz quantified limb loading during a 10-m walking test.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online 28 October 2023; January 2024 journal issue.

LS029 · 2024

In-Shoe Sensor Measures of Loading Asymmetry during Gait as a Predictor of Frailty Development in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Nakanowatari T; Hoshi M; Asao A; Sone T; Kamide N; Sakamoto M; Shiba Y · Sensors · 24(15):5054

Primary application: Frailty

System: loadsol; three-region insole

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Aging; frailty prediction; asymmetry

Sample: 63 recruited; 47 follow-up participants

Available publication date: 2024-08-04

Evidence of use: The authors' full-text preprint identifies loadsol for the measured regional and whole-foot loading asymmetry; final journal article reports the same device-based investigation.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Author preprint full text plus final journal metadata

Notes: The preprint and final article are counted once. Sample and follow-up details follow the final abstract, not the earlier preprint.

LS036 · 2024

Influence of combat boot types on in-shoe forces and perceived comfort during unloaded and loaded walking

Yeo EXS; Chhabra K; Kong PW · BMJ Military Health · 170(1):37–42

Primary application: Military

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Military footwear; load carriage and perceived comfort

Sample: 61 men

Evidence of use: Abstract and instrumentation methods specify loadsol recordings during 10-m walking in four combat-boot types, unloaded and with 20-kg load.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Publisher full-text methods

Notes: Journal issue 2024; early-online record dates to March 2022. Counted once by journal year.

LS039 · 2024

Movement variability and limb loading symmetry during simulated daily functional tasks

Streamer JE; Queen RM · Human Movement Science · 98:103289

Primary application: Daily activities

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Daily functional tasks; load symmetry and variability

Sample: 72 young adults

Available publication date: 2024-09-20

Evidence of use: Abstract specifies loadsol sensors at 200 Hz during walking, stair ascent/descent and sit-to-stand.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS044 · 2024

Muscle synergies inherent in simulated hypogravity running reveal flexible but not unconstrained locomotor control

Fazzari C; Macchi R; Kunimasa Y; Ressam C; Casanova R; Chavet P; Nicol C · Scientific Reports · 14:2707

Primary application: Running

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Reduced-gravity running; neuromuscular control

Available publication date: 2024-02-01

Evidence of use: Data recordings section specifies Loadsol instrumented insoles at 100 Hz in standardized running shoes.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Publisher full-text methods

Notes: Related recordings are reanalysed in Fazzari et al. 2026; do not treat article counts as independent experiments.

LS056 · 2024

Real-world data capture of daily limb loading using force-sensing insoles: Feasibility and lessons learned

Hsieh KL; Beavers KM; Weaver AA; Lynch SD; Shaw IB; Kline PW · Journal of Biomechanics · 166:112063

Primary application: Real-world monitoring

System: loadsol; loadsol pro

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Real-world monitoring; older adults; feasibility

Sample: 44 at baseline; 37 during four-day real-world monitoring

Available publication date: 2024-03-26

Evidence of use: Full text describes daily loadsol force records; the discussion explicitly reports using loadsol pro for three participants.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary full-text methods and discussion

Notes: Ancillary study within a randomized trial. PMC availability date in 2025 is not the publication year.

LS055 · 2024

The Difference in Achilles Tendon Loading within Immobilizing Boots Based on Ankle Angle, Boot Type, and Walking Speed

Hullfish TJ; Woods MM; Kwon MP; Boakye LAT; Humbyrd CJ; Baxter JR · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · 12(10):23259671241283806

Primary application: Achilles tendon

System: Loadsol II acp

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Achilles tendon; immobilizing boots

Sample: 10 healthy adults

Available publication date: 2024-10-16

Evidence of use: Study Design explicitly names Loadsol II acp (Novel), placed under the foot in shoes/boots, with 100 Hz data streamed over Bluetooth.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary full-text methods

LS047 · 2024

Ultrasound-detected effusion-synovitis is associated with greater limb loading rate asymmetry during walking post-ACL reconstruction: A pilot study

Harkey MS; Grozier CD; Tolzman J; Parmar A; Fagan M; Collins K; Kuenze C; Fajardo R · Osteoarthritis Imaging · 4(1):100175

Primary application: ACL reconstruction

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: ACL reconstruction; inflammation and loading asymmetry

Sample: 15 participants

Available publication date: 2024-02-09

Evidence of use: Walking biomechanics methods explicitly report loadsol insoles at 100 Hz and processing with the Loadsol Analysis Program.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Full-text methods (PMC)

LS016 · 2024

Validity, reliability, and bias between instrumented pedals and loadsol insoles during stationary cycling

Menke W; Estler K; Springer C; Zhang S · PLOS ONE · 19(7):e0306274

Primary application: Cycling

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Cycling; validation

Sample: 10 healthy participants

Evidence of use: Loadsol and instrumented-pedal measurements were compared during stationary cycling at three resistance loads.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

2019–202328 articles

LS050 · 2023

Estimation of gait events and kinetic waveforms with wearable sensors and machine learning when running in an unconstrained environment

Donahue SR; Hahn ME · Scientific Reports · 13:2339

Primary application: Running

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Outdoor running; machine learning; gait events

Sample: 16 recruited; 13 analysed after GPS exclusions

Available publication date: 2023-02-09

Evidence of use: Loadsol insoles sampled at 100 Hz provided reference force waveforms during outdoor running for wearable-sensor models.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary full-text methods

LS024 · 2023

Functional assessment and outcome following surgical treatment of displaced tibial plateau fractures: a retrospective analysis

Gahr P; Mittlmeier T; Grau A; Herlyn PKE; Rahn A; Fischer D-C · European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · 49(6):2373–2379

Primary application: Lower-limb fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Tibial plateau fracture; gait assessment

Sample: 58 follow-up participants

Available publication date: 2023-11-17

Evidence of use: Loadsol assessed walking indoors, outdoors and on stairs at follow-up after surgically treated tibial plateau fracture.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Full-text methods and abstract

Notes: 2012–2016 are injury/recruitment years, not publication years. Published November 2023.

LS022 · 2023

Human-induced force reconstruction using a non-linear electrodynamic shaker applying an iterative neural network algorithm

Peláez-Rodríguez C; Magdaleno Á; Salcedo-Sanz S; Lorenzana A · Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences · 71(3):e144615

Primary application: Structural dynamics

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Structural dynamics; human-induced forces; neural networks

Available publication date: 2023-04-28

Evidence of use: Human bouncing forces recorded with loadsol insoles supplied target signals for electrodynamic-shaker reconstruction.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS023 · 2023

Pilot study: validity and reliability of textile insoles used to measure the characteristics of landing tasks during rehabilitation and artistic gymnastics

Schümperlin D; Schärer C; Kalberer L; Ferguson SJ; Lorenzetti SR · BMC Research Notes · 16:59

Primary application: Gymnastics

System: loadsol pro medial lateral posterior; 200 Hz

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Gymnastics; landing; validation

Sample: 2 recreational athletes

Available publication date: 2023-04-22

Evidence of use: Methods explicitly identify loadsol pro insoles, taped to bare feet, and concurrent Kistler force-plate recordings during jumps and drop landings.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Full-text methods

Notes: Inclusion is based on actual use, irrespective of whether the study's validity findings were favorable.

LS014 · 2023

Validation of In-Shoe Force Sensors during Loaded Walking in Military Personnel

Kong PW; Iskandar MNS; Koh AH; Ho MYM; Lim CXE · Sensors · 23(14):6465

Primary application: Military

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Military; load carriage; validation

Sample: 8 military personnel

Available publication date: 2023-07-17

Evidence of use: Loadsol sensors inside military boots were compared with an instrumented treadmill under 25- and 35-kg loads on flat and sloped surfaces.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS049 · 2023

Wearable sensor and machine learning estimate tendon load and walking speed during immobilizing boot ambulation

Kwon MP; Hullfish TJ; Humbyrd CJ; Boakye LAT; Baxter JR · Scientific Reports · 13:18086

Primary application: Achilles tendon

System: loadsol, three-sensor

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Achilles tendon; immobilizing boot; machine learning

Sample: 10 participants

Available publication date: 2023-10-23

Evidence of use: A three-part loadsol insole recorded forces at 100 Hz inside the immobilizing boot, providing inputs for tendon-load estimation and comparison with wearable-sensor models.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary full-text methods

LS034 · 2022

Gait on slopes: Differences in temporo-spatial, kinematic and kinetic gait parameters between walking on a ramp and on a treadmill

Strutzenberger G; Leutgeb L; Claußen L; Schwameder H · Gait & Posture · 91:73–78

Primary application: Gait & walking

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Ramp versus treadmill walking; incline effects

Sample: 15 healthy participants

Evidence of use: Primary abstract identifies loadsol (Novel, Germany) as the kinetic measurement system during walking on a ramp and treadmill.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online in 2021; journal issue January 2022.

LS057 · 2022

Inner-Cycle Phases Can Be Estimated from a Single Inertial Sensor by Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network in Roller-Ski Skating

Meyer F; Lund-Hansen M; Seeberg TM; Kocbach J; Sandbakk Ø; Austeng A · Sensors · 22(23):9267

Primary application: Roller skiing

System: loadsol (100 Hz)

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Roller-ski skating; machine-learning reference measurements

Sample: 9 in methods; 11 in abstract

Available publication date: 2022-11-28

Evidence of use: Experimental setup identifies Loadsol insoles recording at 100 Hz in the skiers' boots; insole forces supplied reference ski-contact events.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary full-text methods

Notes: The abstract reports 11 athletes, whereas methods and results describe 9; this discrepancy is retained rather than silently reconciled.

LS035 · 2022

The Effectiveness of Feedback using the In-shoe Force Monitoring Device for Partial Weight-bearing Leaning

Sato S; Nakanowatari T; Ishiya S; Kanzaki H · Journal of Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy · 2:32–40

Primary application: Rehabilitation

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Partial weight-bearing training; visual feedback

Sample: 20 healthy adults

Available publication date: 2022-12-23

Evidence of use: Publisher abstract describes loadsol visual biofeedback in a randomized crossover study against an analog scale.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Japanese article; publisher English title retains 'Leaning'. Advance online 23 December 2022; released on J-STAGE 20 March 2023; journal volume labelled 2022.

LS013 · 2022

The grade of instability in fragility fractures of the pelvis correlates with impaired early mobilization

Faust LM; Keppler AM; Suero E; Gleich J; Lisitano L; Böcker W; Neuerburg C; Pfeufer D · European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · 48(5):4053–4060

Primary application: Pelvic fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Pelvic fracture; early mobility

Sample: 39 patients

Available publication date: 2022-03-13

Evidence of use: Loadsol insoles recorded lower-limb loading during walking four to seven days after admission.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS031 · 2022

The Recovery of Weight-Bearing Symmetry After Total Hip Arthroplasty Is Activity-Dependent

Alves SA; Preuße M; Hommel H; Duda GN; Agres AN · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · 10:813345

Primary application: Hip arthroplasty

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Total hip arthroplasty; weight-bearing symmetry

Evidence of use: Methods identify loadsol insoles sampling normal foot–shoe forces at 100 Hz for hip-arthroplasty patients and healthy controls.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Publisher PDF methods

LS032 · 2022

Validity of estimating center of pressure during walking and running with plantar load from a three-sensor wireless insole

Brindle RA; Bleakley CM; Taylor JB; Queen RM; Ford KR · Wearable Technologies · 3:e8

Primary application: Measurement methods

System: loadsol; three-sensor

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Center of pressure estimation; comparison with pedar

Sample: 10 healthy adults

Available publication date: 2022-06-06

Evidence of use: Abstract reports simultaneous three-sensor loadsol and pedar recordings in the right shoe during treadmill walking and running.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: PubMed indexing in 2024 is not publication year. Erratum published 2024: DOI 10.1017/wtc.2023.22; not counted as a second study.

LS012 · 2021

Cement augmentation of the Proximal Femur Nail Antirotation (PFNA) is associated with enhanced weight-bearing in older adults

Keppler AM; Pfeufer D; Kau F; Linhart C; Zeckey C; Neuerburg C; Böcker W; Kammerlander C · Injury · 52(10):3042–3046

Primary application: Hip fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Hip fracture; surgical fixation

Sample: 49 patients

Available publication date: 2021-02-05

Evidence of use: Loadsol insoles measured early postoperative weight bearing to compare augmented versus unaugmented fixation.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online February 2021; October 2021 issue.

LS010 · 2021

Detection of age and gender differences in walking using mobile wearable sensors

Renner K; Queen R · Gait & Posture · 87:59–64

Primary application: Gait & walking

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Aging; sex differences; walking

Sample: 20 younger and 23 older adults

Evidence of use: Loadsol insoles recorded walking forces during flat, inclined and declined treadmill walking, alongside laboratory treadmill measurements.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS045 · 2021

Early Pain Catastrophizing Exacerbates Impaired Limb Loading and 6-Minute Walk Test Distance 12 Months After Lower Extremity Fracture

Van Wyngaarden JJ; Archer KR; Spencer A; Matuszewski PE; Brightwell B; Jacobs C; Noehren B · Physical Therapy · 101(11):pzab194

Primary application: Lower-limb fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Femur/tibia fracture recovery; pain catastrophizing and gait

Evidence of use: One-Year Outcomes methods state patients wore standardized shoes containing single-sensor Loadsol insoles during the 6-minute walk test.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Publisher full-text methods

LS043 · 2021

Effect of speed and gradient on plantar force when running on an AlterG® treadmill

Thomson A; Whiteley R; Hansen C; Welzel J; Racinais S; Wilson MG · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 13:34

Primary application: Running

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Body-weight-supported running; speed and incline

Sample: 10 trained male runners

Available publication date: 2021-03-30

Evidence of use: Article identifies Loadsol as the wireless force-sensing insoles used to record plantar force and contact time across 78 AlterG running conditions.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Publisher full text

LS009 · 2021

The impact of standardized footwear on load and load symmetry

Luftglass AR; Peebles AT; Miller TK; Queen RM · Clinical Biomechanics · 88:105421

Primary application: Footwear

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Footwear; landing; symmetry

Available publication date: 2021-07-02

Evidence of use: Loadsol insoles quantified loading and symmetry under standardized versus participants' footwear conditions.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online 2 July 2021; August 2021 issue.

LS008 · 2020

Foot Strike Angle Prediction and Pattern Classification Using Loadsol™ Wearable Sensors: A Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques

Moore SR; Kranzinger C; Fritz J; Stöggl T; Kröll J; Schwameder H · Sensors · 20(23):6737

Primary application: Running

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Running; foot strike; machine learning

Available publication date: 2020-11-25

Evidence of use: Experimental loadsol signals were used to predict foot-strike angles and classify foot-strike patterns.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS046 · 2020

Load-Bearing Detection with Insole-Force Sensors Provides New Treatment Insights in Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis

Pfeufer D; Becker CA; Faust L; Keppler AM; Stagg M; Kammerlander C; Böcker W; Neuerburg C · Journal of Clinical Medicine · 9(8):2551

Primary application: Pelvic fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Fragility pelvic fractures; early mobilization

Sample: 22 patients

Available publication date: 2020-08-06

Evidence of use: Methods explicitly name the Loadsol insole sensor device by Novel, fitted to each participant and communicating via Bluetooth to an iPad.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Full-text methods (PMC)

LS006 · 2019

Are wearable insoles a validated tool for quantifying transfemoral amputee gait asymmetry?

Loiret I; Villa C; Dauriac B; Bonnet X; Martinet N; Paysant J; Pillet H · Prosthetics and Orthotics International · 43(5):492–499

Primary application: Amputation

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Amputation; gait asymmetry; validation

Sample: 6 transfemoral amputees

Available publication date: 2019-07-31

Evidence of use: Loadsol and laboratory force-platform recordings were compared in transfemoral amputees walking at three speeds.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online 31 July 2019; October 2019 issue.

LS040 · 2019

Associations between Distance and Loading Symmetry during Return to Sport Hop Testing

Peebles AT; Renner KE; Miller TK; Moskal JT; Queen RM · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · 51(4):624–629

Primary application: ACL reconstruction

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: ACL reconstruction; return-to-sport hop testing

Sample: 25 ACLR patients; 30 controls

Evidence of use: Primary abstract states single-sensor loadsol insoles sampled impact forces at 100 Hz during single, triple and crossover hops.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Early online in 2018; journal issue 2019.

LS042 · 2019

Ground Reaction Forces and Kinematics of Ski Jump Landing Using Wearable Sensors

Bessone V; Petrat J; Schwirtz A · Sensors · 19(9):2011

Primary application: Ski jumping

System: loadsol; forefoot/rearfoot

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Ski-jump landing; in-field kinetics

Sample: 22 athletes; additional single-athlete exploratory analysis

Available publication date: 2019-04-29

Evidence of use: Methods explicitly report loadsol plantar-force insoles at 100 Hz during ski-jump landings; combined with IMUs in the exploratory second study.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Publisher full-text methods

LS007 · 2019

Hop testing symmetry improves with time and while wearing a functional knee brace in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed athletes

Peebles AT; Miller TK; Moskal JT; Queen RM · Clinical Biomechanics · 70:66–71

Primary application: ACL reconstruction

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: ACL reconstruction; hop testing; brace

Sample: 28 ACL-reconstructed athletes

Available publication date: 2019-08-05

Evidence of use: Loadsol recorded landing loads during return-to-sport hop tests with and without a brace and at subsequent follow-up.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online August 2019; December 2019 issue. Potential cohort overlap with related hop-test publications; not assumed an independent trial.

LS004 · 2019

The Reliability and Validity of the Loadsol® under Various Walking and Running Conditions

Renner KE; Williams DSB; Queen RM · Sensors · 19(2):265

Primary application: Measurement methods

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Walking; running; slopes; validation

Sample: 30 participants; 10 also tested at 200 Hz

Available publication date: 2019-01-11

Evidence of use: Loadsol measurements were compared with treadmill forces during flat, inclined and declined walking and running; repeat visits tested reliability.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS005 · 2019

Using force sensing insoles to predict kinetic knee symmetry during a stop jump

Peebles AT; Ford KR; Taylor JB; Hart JM; Sands LP; Queen RM · Journal of Biomechanics

Primary application: Jumping & landing

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Landing; knee kinetics; symmetry

Sample: 42 uninjured athletes

Evidence of use: Loadsol insole measurements during bilateral stop jumps were used to predict knee kinetic symmetry.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS003 · 2019

Validation of a wireless shoe insole for ground reaction force measurement

Burns GT; Deneweth Zendler J; Zernicke RF · Journal of Sports Sciences · 37(10):1129–1138

Primary application: Measurement methods

System: Novel Loadsol/Pedoped

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Hopping; walking; running; validation

Sample: 20 participants; separate 10-participant verification study

Available publication date: 2018-11-14

Evidence of use: The primary abstract explicitly identifies Novel Loadsol/Pedoped; insole and force-platform measurements were compared across locomotor tasks.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online 14 November 2018; May 2019 journal issue. Counted once under 2019. Direct documentary evidence for the Pedoped alias.

LS011 · 2019

Weight bearing in patients with femoral neck fractures compared to pertrochanteric fractures: A postoperative gait analysis

Pfeufer D; Grabmann C; Mehaffey S; Keppler A; Böcker W; Kammerlander C; Neuerburg C · Injury · 50(7):1324–1328

Primary application: Hip fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Hip fracture; postoperative loading

Sample: 47 older adults: 20 hip replacement; 27 intramedullary fixation

Available publication date: 2019-05-17

Evidence of use: Loadsol force-sensor insoles measured operated-limb loading during a defined walking assessment five days after surgery.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

LS026 · 2019

Weight-bearing restrictions reduce postoperative mobility in elderly hip fracture patients

Pfeufer D; Zeller A; Mehaffey S; Böcker W; Kammerlander C; Neuerburg C · Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · 139(9):1253–1259

Primary application: Hip fracture

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Hip fracture; weight-bearing restrictions

Sample: 41 patients

Available publication date: 2019-05-03

Evidence of use: Primary abstract reproduced by the authors' institution explicitly identifies loadsol insole testing on the fifth postoperative day.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Author-institution article abstract

Notes: 2019 article; institutional repository deposit in 2021 is not a new publication.

2012–20182 articles

LS001 · 2018

Accuracy and precision of loadsol® insole force-sensors for the quantification of ground reaction force-based biomechanical running parameters

Seiberl W; Jensen E; Merker J; Leitel M; Schwirtz A · European Journal of Sport Science · 18(8):1100–1109

Primary application: Running

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Running; validation

Available publication date: 2018-05-29

Evidence of use: Simultaneous loadsol (100 Hz) and force-plate recordings were compared during rearfoot- and forefoot-strike running.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

Notes: Online 29 May 2018; September 2018 issue.

LS002 · 2018

Validity and Repeatability of Single-Sensor Loadsol Insoles during Landing

Peebles AT; Maguire LA; Renner KE; Queen RM · Sensors · 18(12):4082

Primary application: Jumping & landing

System: loadsol

Study details and source notes

Application in source bibliography: Landing; validation

Sample: 30 healthy athletes; 15 repeat-session participants

Available publication date: 2018-11-22

Evidence of use: Participants completed single hops and stop jumps with loadsol insoles while reference force plates recorded landings.

Verification basis in source bibliography: Primary abstract

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